Engine and engine cooling method



J. F. FUQRRY 2,408,386

Oct. 1, 1946.

Filed Nov. 4, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 L o 1; Q

Ii: l x 1,

@nnl 5 o Q ul 0 INVENTOR JOHN R Fuzz QMVM I BY

' ATTORNEYS.

0% 1,194 J, FUR Y 2,408,386

7 ENGINE AND ENGINE coomim METHOD Filed Nov. 4, 1944 2 Sheet s- SI 1eet 2 FT Z7 fizz, 03527 M I 229 7 zza1a 24= INVENTOR Eg 8 F3 Fog y AT OQNEYS Patented Oct. 1, 1946 board Marine & Manufacturing Company,

IGaIesburg, Il1., a: corporation of Delaware 7 Application November 4, 1944, Serial No. 561,956

This invention relates to improvements in en'- ines and engine coolingmethods.

The invention has particularly reference to a two-cycle engine with vertical drive'shaft-adapted for outboard motor use. It is a primary object of th invention to provide improved control of the eoolingfwater order. to establish tempera-- ture differentials between vvarious ,parts of the a cylinder block. in v accordance with the varied requirements of different-parts of the engi ne.

More specifically; it .is my-purpose to provide an internal combustionengine 1 cylinder. block, in

which a combination of forced circulation and gravity circulation will properly cool different parts of the engine cylinders and exhaust to their. respective required temperatures; regardless of the speedoffloperation of the 'engineand the pump which supplies its cooling water. Outboard; motors in. particular have-tonbe adapted for a;

wide variation in the rate of water circulation due to the fact that 'these'motorsare sometimes run at topspeed and at other times areidled over long periods. The pump is ordinarily driven from the crank shaft or propeller shaft at a rate proportioned to the rate of engine operation. In order to provide adequate coolingwater during idling speeds of the engine, it is frequently necessary to provide an excess of cooling-water at full engine speeds. There are some parts of the cylinder block to which the resulting excessive cooling is immaterial. Other parts'of the engine cylinder block should'be operated within a comparatively narrow range of temperatures. As will hereinafter be explained, -I meet these require'-' ments b'y a'combina'tion of forced circulation and gravity circulation, the latter being localized in the cylinder block. 4

2 It is a further object of and simplified design.

7' Still other objects will be apparent to those Fig. 1" is a view in block casting with one of shown in a; detach d relationship, portions of 'the main casting being broken away toexposeits in-V terior construction. l J Fig. 2 is a view in perspective showingthe' cylinder'block casting with the other'jof its'rernojyable face plates] shown in detachedlrelation'ship.

' Fig. 3 is a view partially in'elevation and'pav the invention to achieve the foregoing objectives} while-providing at; en'- gine cylinder block of smooth externaloutline perspective ewe; cylinder its removable faceiplates' 19 clai s. (01.123-1'73) tially in longitudinal section through the cylinder-block, I j

' Fig. 4 isa detailview taken incross section on the line 4-4.0f Fig. j I v f Fig, 5 is a'fragmentaryview,similar t Fig-,A,

showing a slightly modified construction. Fig. 6 is a view in'perspective showing the partition plate used inthe embodiment shown? in Fig.5 M V The cylinder'block casting-l includes cylinders 2 and 3 which,in accordance with conventional two-cycle engine practice; are 'suppliedwith; combu'stible mixture frorn the crank case Qthrough transfer manifolds 5 and-51 (Fig; 2).; Surrounding'the transfer manifolds *5- and sane the ad jace'rit' ides of cylinders, gam s; the'block l provides a'large cavity at '1 for cooling water.-

At the opposite-side ofithe block, th cylinders 1 2 and 3 have exhaust ports 8, 9, opening into a chamber In (Fig. 1) formed by aninteg'ral web H. The chamber I0 opens downwardly at l2 and,

' when the'eng'ine is assembled on the'shaft'hous-Y ing l3, the opening [2 communicates with the" exhaustpassage l4 which'is provided inthe'shafthousing. w I Surrounding the web and separated thereby from the exhaust manifold chamber In is a cavity [5 for cooling water, the sides'of cylinders 2 and 3 on the exhaust side of the block being exposed in cavity l5. I

Cast integrally with the cylinders 2'and- 3and the web is a jacket shell l6 finished at J1 to abut the crank case and having a, top portion I8, an endportion l9 and abottomportion 20-." The inneror crank case end 11 ofthe shell is mate' rially wider than its outer end 19,:the shell being wedge-shaped in r-plane; as. clearly appears-in Figsiland-2. f 1' A partition web 2I=connects the top [8,; of the shell with cylinder:,2-.. A'similar; web at 22 con-- nects-the bottomof the shell with the under surface of the cylinder 3. lilaclr of thepartition webs Ztand -22 extends logitudinally of-thevblock ina central plane; Restricted communication between thacooling; watercavity .l5; a t the ex-= haust side of the engine-and thecoo linig cavity'l at ,the intakeside of;the engine i provided by a ffottom port 24 and stop port y l The cavity 1 I [is sealed by. ajrem vableclosuliie VT '8.

26 shown in. perspective, I detail, in Fig.-

'c"avity l5 is sealed by the lemovahle."closure 2];

shb'wn in perspective 'detailin Fig'.,1, The closure 2] jpreferably hail a Web 128 which reg sters throughout with the web" Jito. nroy de a j 192 cavity which serves to enlarge'the capacity of the exhaust chamber or manifold I0. Surrounding the web 28 is a water circulation cavity 30, which enlarges the capacity of the water circulation cavity I5. Due to the wedge-shape of the casting I, the two closures 26 and 21 are convergent away from the crank case 4.

The outboard motor drive shaft 3I operates a pump of any desired type which is here illustrated, purelyrdiagrammatically; asira centrifugal-i pump at'*32, having a pressure pipe-33; communicating with duct 34 in the engine block castsing I. The duct 34 leads upwardly in partition 22 to a transverse bore at 35*wliich is prefera-lily extended through an integral bossjfimtouopen,into; the cavity 30 within the closure; Sihceacayitye 30 ordinarily communicates throughouteitssextentte with cavity I5, the boss 36 may ordinarily'be omitted if desired. It is useful primarilyfin'con nection with the modified embodimentlshown inn Figs. 5 and 6 hereinafter: to be described.

The. cooling, water thus supplied. under. p res= sure from pump 32passes upwardly throughthose portions-of cavities I5.-and-3.D,which are outside of the registering webs II' ail-c1523 and thence. across:abovethetopspfwebslili'andigzt into those portions of cavities I 5.. and 311i whichllienear; the. crank, case.v The waters will, flow? downwardly through.these.portions.- oilth'e cayities to an ,out.- let 3! communicating with a duct 3am the lower. unit,,whereby. theMa-ter. isadeliveredrinto.the,exhallst imanifold-v I A.

rktmthe.exhaustz side. ofs the-engine. it. would ,be;

difficult". to get excessiveecooling Most of; the:

heatrequired .to bGcIEmOVTBd duringgengineoperationsisedeyelopedr atethe: exhaust-side. of.- the r err-- gineiandeeyenif aiL-such heatfcould,be-vremoved the resulting coolness.- Of'fthBBi'lEjIlGmfit:the-BX-- haustside. would. not.. seriously impaii; combustion.

At theeintakee sidezofttiie enginegethe require ments: are different sinceeexcessive cooling oflthe: mixture? supplied;fromrithe oranktcasee 4 through: the: transfer: manifolds. and? 6" would? mp combustion; Qn=.the;ot-herrhand;.excessive heatv transfer manifolds-j:

ing of the mixture in the and; Ir': wouldz a-lso. impair: comhustionn. Consequ ntly: f airly; closer regulatiomoiy theztem-perae tures: onlthezz intakeaside Ofi' the: engine cylinders required;

I have found that such regulation cam bear achieveduwithin;theanecessazwlimitssmtirely automatioally meravity circulatiomofzicooling-rwaa test between; th :cav-ityr I onplthez. exhaust: side: the: cayit theeintake'; side": :the: en, gines Some: off the cooling: water:

through: theduct-s .34; 357 flow: throughthe orifice 2'4I in the' lower partition. 22 1mm; cavity; 1, displacing the water heated in ca;vity:1ito:.

cause the hottestfpartiofrsuch watenzatfthe tbp the--cav-ity, tor escaper through the orificei 25:. bacli 'into' the pressure circulated 'water in cavity I 5:- I The warmer tlie -water becomes: in -cavity I; the'more rapid wi-ll be* it s gravity circnlation and"? the-convection-currenttlius established will tend? ttrregulate the temperature in -cavity 'l' automat ically;; and entirely; irresp ectivevof the" rate of circulation throughithe" cavity, I 5;"so-lon eas*th'ef latter. is adequate: Ina other-words; all :that," isnecessary -is to-mainta:in :an' excess of circulation oficooling water through cavity" I;5 to-insure-that* therewilhalwaysilie vample coolant inthaticavity: Thereupon the convection: currentsrwill autoe m i lliz. n r P P? '.'t@mREr8JillI-$ Let; them take.sid.er-of tl'iel.mctorr.

In actual practice, a still further segregation of temperatures may be desirable. While it is broadly true, as indicated above, that one cannot well cool the exhaust side of the engine excessively, the actual fact is that the temperature of the exhaust side of the engine should not be allowed to be reduced too low. In other words, the temperature is not nearly as critical on the exhausti 'side as :on the intake: side; but. cooling canbe overdone:

Where overcooling of the exhaust side is threatened, I may incorporate between the cylinder block-casting F and the closure 27 a partition platejfl whichl may be made of sheet metal,

as'..indicatedzinefig;. 6; and inserted as a lamiity- I5, tliesetcavitiesnow being partially sepa rated'irom each otlienby-tlie partition plate. 40'. Where *the'modified femb'odimentrshown ;in- Figs? 5" and 6- is, employed," the'pressuretcircu'lation*will? b'e confined "t'o. cavities 3D and I 5}. originating in v the former. The'cir'culatiow'between' cavity |5* and cavity 'I 'will be more restricted bytliefact that only two= ports are provid-ed at" 24- and* 25 Between" thesecavities:- With thi arrangement, a very*- precise control of temperatures under all operating conditionssmay be=acliieVed Obvious-'- ly;1theinumber of vertical; longitudinal partitions; may: be multiplied 'to any: extent desired" to provid additional controli Howevem' Phave; found the cont'rol afl drded byttie: structures herein dis closed to': bemompl'etelyz-"adequate' forfall practical purposes; it'being understood, of course; that; accordingcto variationsrin-=rengine powerfan-ctde sign; thef-size; number:andrdispositions of ports' througirwliich'fii tir s. CDRVECti'OI'l'? circulation may occunwill bemhangedmsmeqniredi.

It will be? nnted'i that iva'll f or thefl-rcirculation is achievedzandicontiolledeWithin. ;the::cylinden block: and: its. closuresrso: that; the: external:. design is; smooth aznctzfreerof; piping: Thezwedge shape:

- provides: an excess:ofiicoolingrwatertatsthe crank casez-zend'iof the block ttherebyrlteepingzthe prank; casemookasis-desirablee.

In: all off: the. constnuctlonst herein; disclosed; the-econtrollingfi of;thettemperatureratztheziritake; towpreventzthez intake fromebeuoming oyercooled, isi-also aamatter. otfthe greatest-importance from: the "Sttl'IdIlOiHt-vOfr controlling; era-rile. case temper. ture in a two-cycle engine. mime-mixture in the. crank. case. isvundulys cooled, itcondenses; it runduly; hot, iteexpands; too-much with-s conses quent -loss.v of. power. The -control-imade. possible. by the present invention enablestthe:regul-ationnotonlywfi.theltemperature inlthecylin-d'e r block itself; butaalso the; regulationloi.crankacaseetemperatures, these latter; beingpnedeterminedaale most entirely by the extentlto whichmeatdevelopedninr the; cylinderseisepermittdi to escapesto the'crankcaseen In -.all. Iembbdir'nentmtithe inventioniitisepree ferredgthat'lallpavitls oil'tlieewatenjackets' face; he selfdi'aining. This is' particularlyiihpprtantl inputboard rmotors .andeother, engines. which; are

exposed to sub-freezing temperatures... Inlthe.

devices herein disclosed,;tli'e port24..'is"locatd'i v ati-th'e; bottom: off'cavity; I, andfthe; ports. 35?

mosses 3 are located at or so close to the bottom of cav l5 as to preclude any possibility of ice damage. Thus, whenever an outboard motor equipped with an'engine cylinder block embodying thisinvention is not in use. its entire cooling system will be drained substantially completely. While my improved method of cooling is-believed to have been fully described in connection with the apparatus, it may be summarized by stating that I deliver coolant under pressure to the exhaust side of the cylinder block anddivert a portion of thecoolant to flow by gravity asa:

convection current for coolingthe intake side of the cylinder block. As above described, I may subdivide the current into as many separate streams as may be desired, any number of which;

may be circulated under pressure, and'any number of which may be circulated by convection, according to the cooling effect desired. It is important, however, that the convection currents are, in each instance, diverted from the pressure circulated currentsso that no'separate source is required.

Iclaim: p

1. In an engine, the combination with an engine cylinder, of jacket means partitioned verf tically' into a plurality of compartments, said jacket means being ported to exhaustsides of said cylinder, said jacket being connected withthe cylinder longitudinallythereof whereby to partition from each other therespective cavities at the intake and exhaust sides of the cylinder, and means for circulating coolant through the cavity at the exhaust side of the cylinder, said block being provided with convec tion circulation means affording communication between said cavities at verticallyspaced points whereby a thermal convection current will circu late through the cavity at the intake side ofthe cylinder, a' portion of the coolant circulated through the cavity at the exhaust side. 4L In an internal combustion engine cylinder block comprising a horizontal cylinder having an intake side and an exhaust jacket means affording cavities at the respective sides of the cylinder, partition mean-s between the cylinder and the jacket means longitudinally of the cylinder at the top thereof and provided with.

a port afiording restricted communication beg tween the respective cavities, means affording re: stricted communication between said cavities be low the cylinder, and means for circulating coolant through the cavity at the exhaust side of the cylinder whereby primarily to cool the ex;- haust side of the cylinder, while affording means for the establishment of a convection current diverting a portion of the coolant from the cavity at the exhaust side of the cylinder through the cavity at the intake side of the cylinder for the regulated cooling thereof.

side and provided with afford restricted; communication between compartments at upper and lower levels, means for introducing coolant into one of said compartments and discharging;

' -5;' An-enginef cylinder block comprising a" pair of'superimposed horizontal cylinders having in -j take manifold means means at the other, together with jacket means enclosing" the cylinders and providing cavities at the intake and exhaust'sides of the cylinders, said jacket means being connected to the top of the upper'cylinder and the bottom of the lower cylinder whereby to measurably partition said cavities from each otherjsaid cavities having restricted communication-above and'below the cyl--' inders, and; means for the pressure circulation of coolant through one of said cavities, the other cavity being adapted to receive coolant through the restricted communication means aforesaid.

6. In an engine, the combination with horizontal cylinder means provided with intake manifold rneans at one side and with exhaust means at the other side, of jacket means providing cavities respectively disposed at the intake and exhaust sides of the cylinder means, said jacket means being connected with'the cylinder means longitudinally thereof above and below thecylinder means whereby substantially to partition the respectivecavities; from each other, the connection between the jacket means and the cyl- 1 inder means providing upper and lower ports affording restricted communication between the respective cavities,'means for supplying coolant under pressure to the cavityat the exhaust side of the cylinder means and for discharging such coolant from said last mentioned cavity, 'the' cavity at the intake side of the cylinder means receiving coolant by convection circulation from the cavity to' which coolant is supplied under pressure.

7. In an engine, the combination with a plu rality of horizontal cylinders having intake mania fold means at one side and exhaust means at the other, ofa jacket faced to provide a crankcase connection for said cylinders and extending above said cylinders and across their ends and beneath said cylinders back to said connection, partition webs connecting the jacket with the top of the upper cylinder and with the bottom of. the lower cylinder, said partition webs being ported above and below the cylinders to afford restricted communication between jacket cavities at opposite sides thereof, a removable closure for a jacket cavity at the intake side of the cylinders, said closure embracing said manifolds, a' jacket closure-forthe cavity at the exhaust side of said. cylinders, and means for supplying coolant to the I last mentioned cavity and discharging coolant therefrom. 1 v

8. The device of claim 7, in which said-jacket is wedge shaped and the respective closures are convergentaway from the crankcase end of the jacket, whereby to afford additional cavityspace' at the crank case ends of said cylinders} 9. The device of claim 7, in which a Web integral with the jacket encircles the exhaust means and partially subdivides the exhaust cavity, the closure for the jacket cavity having means engaging said web and. constituting a 010- sure therefor.

10. In an engine, the combination with a cy1-. inder block unitarily providing at least one horizontal cylinder having an intake manifold and an exhaust port, and a web surrounding said port to provide an exhaust manifold, and a jacket extending above and below 'said cylinder and across the end thereof and to which said Web is integrally connected, said jacket providing a cooling cavity at the intake side of the cylinder and a at'one side and exhaust asoscee cooling cavity at the exhaust side thereot. and said block being provided with ports .afiording limited communication between cavities above and below said cylinder, of closures removably connected with the jacket portion of said block to close the respective cavities, the closure .connected with the block to seal the cavity at the e-X- haust side of the cylinder being provided. with means engaging said web to constitute therewith an exhaust manifold about which said last mentioned cavity extends, and means for supplying and discharging I coolant to and from th last mentioned cavity, the cavity at the intake side of the ylinder receivingcoolan-t in restricted vol.- um by con ection r nts ro g the u per an l ernor-tions af resaid,

ll. The stru tu e d fin in claim r-w rein the means f r sup ly ng nd discharging oolant comprises 31391 65 in said block at opposite ides of said manifold. a

12. The device of claim 10, in whichthe closure for the cavity at the exhaust sideof the-cyls inder has a peripheral flange, and an inwardly spaced web. complementary to the web' of said block whereby toincr-ease the capacity of said manifold and the capacity of said last ment bhed cavity.

xl3. In an engine, the combination with 'cyl-.- inder means, of Jacket means provided with a vertical partition extending longitudinally of the cylinder means, said jacket means providing cavities at opposite sides of the cylinder means, and the cylinder means-having intake means ex-- tending through one of said cavities and exhaust means extending through the other, removable closures for the respective cavities in operative connection with said jacket means, the closure for the cavity through which the exhaust means extends being provided with a registering closure cavity, a partition plate between the closure cavity and the Jacket cavity through which the exhaust means extends, said plate being ported to aficrd restricted communication between the closure cavity and the cavity last mentioned, and ;means for introducing coolant into the closure cavity and discharging coolant from one of the two cavities last mentioned, a portion of such coolant fbeing diverted by convection through the cavity through which the intake means extends.

14. 'A method of controlling the intake temperature of a water cooled internal combustion engine cylinder having an intake side and an exhaust side, which method consists in the torced circulation of coolant about the exhaust side 4 of said cylinder and the convection circulation of coolant about the intake side of said cylinder.

15. The method of controlling the intake temperatures of an internal combustion engine cylinder having an intake side and an exhaust side, sa d meth d; mmisi g ci cula ing co l nt, under pressure about the exhaust side ,of said cylinder. diverting a portion of said coolant tor the intake sidecf said cylinder and circulating thediverted portion oi said coolant by CQHYBC! tion, whereby an increase in temperature in the intake side of said cylinder will accelerate the flow of the diverted coolant 16-. A method of controllingthe temperature of different .porticnslof an internal combustion engine cylinder, which method consists i sup-l plyi coo t. nde press re, d v in pcrt q s of said coolant and circulating said ,portions'by pressure and gravity respectively about specific or ons of -saidv i de .7:. an en i e the combina on o a block. providinga horizontal c l nder and Jacke means. for such cylinder partitioned vertical-1y into .a plurality of compartments, said block and jacket means being ported to afford restrictedcommunication between such compartments above and below said cylinder, a coolant circulation inlet and a coolant circulation outlet for said cylinder jacket both connected to the same compartment, at least one other compartment receiving coolant through said ports 'by convection circulation from the coolant in the com--v partnient with which such inlet and outlet communicate.

l8. -Ina-n engine, the combination with an engine cylinder arranged to be disposed hori-; zontally in operation and having an inlet port on one side and an exhaust port on the other, of jacket means enclosing said cylinder and pan titioned vertically into a plurality of compartments, one of which is on the inlet port side and the other on the outlet port side of said cylinder, said jacke'tmeans being. ported both above and below the cylinder to afford restricted communication between the compartments at upper and .lower levels on the opposite sides of the cylinder, means for introducing coolant into the compartment on the exhaust port side of the cylinder and for discharging such coolant there-g from, the compartment on the inlet port side of the cylinder receiving coolant diverted from the coolant in the exhaust port compartment at least partially by convection. l

19. A method of controlling the intake temperature of a water cooled internal combustion cylinder having an inlet side jacket compartment and an; exhaust side .jacket compartment, which method consists in mechanically circulating coolant through the exhaust side jacket come partment and divertin a limited quantity of coolant from the exhaust side .jacket comparts ment and circulating the diverted quantity of coolant by convection about the intake sidejacket compartment. Y i i OH F. FURR Q 

